External supply side: the roots of success and political opportunity structures in the less successful cases
External supply side: the roots of success and political opportunity structures in the less successful cases
The author examines variables which might potentially influence the success of far right political parties by looking at less successful cases, including Croatia, Montenegro and Albania as well as Macedonia where the Far right is almost non-existent: 1) Political (political discontent, convergence/polarization/fragmentation of the party system, PR electoral system, the emergence of Green parties and New Left movements, referendums which cut across old party dividing lines, the creation of a new state, perceived inernal/external threats, the political expression of nationalism, regime change, political culture, elite behavior); 2) Social (dissolution of established identities, middle class discontent, existence of social tension or conflict); 3) Economic (post-industrial economy, rising unemployment, welfare cuts, economic crisis, war, foreign domination, economic transition); 4) Ethno-cultural (fragmentation of the culture, demography and multiculturalization, the impact of globalization, reaction to an influx of racially and culturally distinct populations, popular xenophobia and racism, religion vs. secularisation, one's own ethnicity living outside the borders of the mother state); 5) The international context (state humiliation, desire for higher status).
Keywords: convergence/polarisation/fragmentation of the party system, electoral system, political culture, dissolution of established identities, rising unemployment, cultural fragmentation, popular xenophobia and racism, one's own ethnicity living outside the borders of a mother state, national humiliation
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