Attitudes to Gender, Sexuality, Race and Disability
Attitudes to Gender, Sexuality, Race and Disability
The chapter considers equality and discrimination in carnival fan culture. It notes that carnival fan groups are dominated by able-bodied white males and that ‘traditional’ masculine attitudes prevailed, particularly on issues of gender and sexuality. Drawing on data from a series of interviews and focus groups with female carnival fans at Manchester United, it looks at the extent to which female fans in these groups needed to adapt their appearance and behaviour to be accepted. It also considers attitudes to, and expressions of, racism and xenophobia and identifies how self-policing was the main driver of when and where racist chants were heard. Finally it considers attitudes to sexuality and disability amongst the fans.
Keywords: Football, Fan, Sexism, Racism, Xenophobia, Islamophobia, Homophobia, Disability
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